Do occupational health obligations in Indonesia also apply to informal-sector workers?

Yes. Health Law Number 17 of 2023 (UU 17/2023). Furthermore, PP 28/2024 both state that occupational health efforts are carried out in workplaces across the formal and informal sectors. PP 28/2024 further mandates that employers and workplace managers organize these efforts in all workplaces (Article 241(1)). However, the statutes leave two practical questions open: how the mandate applies to self-employed individuals without an employer. In addition, Which implementation rules govern non-corporate informal workplaces.

What the statutes state on the informal sector

Article 99(2) of UU 17/2023 and Article 232(3) of PP 28/2024 explicitly include formal and informal workplaces alongside healthcare facilities. The Elucidation of Article 519(1) lists the informal sector as a workplace category alongside large/medium industry, small industry, and offices. Article 799 integrates both formal and informal workplaces into the community health center (Puskesmas) network for occupational disease surveillance and program guidance.

Who counts as a worker and who bears the duty

Under UU 13/2003 Article 1 points 3 and 4, a worker is anyone working for wages or other remuneration. In addition, An employer includes an individual proprietor. Consequently, daily laborers or shop assistants paid by an individual business owner fall within the employer–worker relationship.

Employers and workplace managers must organize occupational health efforts in all workplaces (PP 28/2024 Article 241(1)). Furthermore, Establish a workplace occupational health unit according to their capacity (Article 237(4)). Funding may come from health or employment social security, private insurance, or direct workplace funding (Article 239). For self-employed workers without an employer, the text specifies central and regional government capacity-building duties (Article 243) and Puskesmas network guidance (Article 799).